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An
investor purchasing a put while at the same time purchasing an equivalent
number of shares
of the underlying stock is establishing a "married put" position - a hedging
strategy with a name
from an old IRS ruling.
Bullish to very bullish.
The investor employing the married put strategy wants the benefits of stock ownership
(dividends, voting rights, etc.), but has concerns about unknown, near-term, downside market
risks. Purchasing puts with the purchase of shares of the underlying stock is a directional and
bullish strategy. The primary motivation of this investor is to protect his shares of the underlying
security from a decrease in market price. He will generally purchase a number of put contracts equivalent to the number of shares held.
While the married put investor retains all benefits of stock ownership, he has "insured" his
shares against an unacceptable decrease in value during the lifetime of the put, and has a
limited, predefined, downside market risk. The premium paid for the put option is equivalent
to the premium paid for an insurance policy. No matter how much the underlying stock decreases
in value during the option's lifetime, the investor has a guaranteed selling price for the shares at
the put's strike price. If there is a sudden, significant decrease in the market price of the
underlying stock, a put owner has the luxury of time to react. Alternatively, a previously entered
stop loss limit order on the purchased shares might be triggered at a time and at a price
unacceptable to the investor. The put contract has conveyed to him a guaranteed selling price,
and control over when he chooses to sell his stock.
Maximum
Profit: Unlimited
Maximum Loss: Limited
Stock
Purchase Price - Strike Price + Premium Paid
Upside Profit at Expiration: Gains in underlying share value -
Premium Paid
Your
maximum profit depends only on the potential price increase of the underlying
security;
in theory it is unlimited. When the put expires, if the underlying stock
closes at the price
originally paid for the shares, the investor's loss would be the entire
premium paid for the put.
BEP:
Stock
Purchase Price + Premium Paid
If
Volatility Increases: Positive Effect
If Volatility Decreases: Negative Effect
Any
effect of volatility on the option's total premium is on the time value
portion.
Passage
of Time: Negative
Effect
The
time value portion of an option's premium, which the option holder has
"purchased" when
paying for the option, generally decreases, or decays, with the passage
of time. This decrease accelerates as the option contract approaches expiration.
A market observer will notice that
time decay for puts occurs at a slightly slower rate than with calls.
An investor employing the married put can sell his stock at any time, and/or sell his long put at
any time before it expires. If the investor loses concern over a possible decline in market value
of his hedged underlying shares, the put option may be sold if it has market value remaining.
If the put option expires with no value, no action need be taken; the investor will
retain his shares. If the option expires in-the-money, the investor can elect
to exercise his right to sell the underlying shares at the put's strike price.
Alternatively the investor may sell the put option, if it has market value, before
the market closes on the option's last trading day. The premium received from the
long option's sale will offset any financial loss from a decline in underlying
share value.
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